PROSPECT (Providing Regional Observations to Study Predictors of Events in the Coronary Tree) was the first prospective, international, multicenter, natural history study using 3-vessel multimodality intracoronary imaging to quantify the clinical event rate due to atherosclerotic progression and to identify those lesions which place patients at risk for unexpected adverse cardiovascular events. This landmark study of 700 Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients was co-funded by Volcano and utilized Volcano's proprietary VH® IVUS technology to classify lesions by plaque type. Three-year clinical event data was presented by Dr. Gregg Stone of Columbia University Medical Center on September 24, 2009 at the Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics (TCT) conference in San Francisco, CA.

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VH IVUS Lesion Assessment

VH® IVUS Publications

Clinical Publications



Topic Year Publication Link
CTA 2008 Schuijf, J.D., van Werkhoven, J.M., Pundziute, G., Jukema, J.W., Decramer, I., Stokkel, M.P, Dibbets-Schneider, P., Schalij, M.J., Reiber, J.H.C., van der Wall, E.E., Wijns, W., and Bax, J.J. "Invasive Versus Noninvasive Evaluation of Coronary Artery Disease". JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging 1 (2008): 190-199. Abstract
CTA 2008 Pundziute, G., Schuijf, J.D., Jukema, J.W., Decramer, I., Sarno, G., Vanhoenacker, P.K., Reiber, J.H.C., Schalij, M.J., Wijns, W., Bax, J.J. "Head-to-Head Comparison of Coronary Plaque Evaluation Between Multislice Computed Tomography and Intravascular Ultrasound Radiofrequency Data Analysis" JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions 1 (2008): 176-182 Abstract
Heart Transplant 2008 König, A., Kilian, E., Rieber, J., Schiele, T.M., Leibig, M., Sohn, H., Reichart, B., and Klauss, V. "Assessment of Early Atherosclerosis in de novo Heart Transplant Recipients: Analysis with Intravascular Ultrasound-Derived Radiofrequency Analysis." The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 27.1 (2008): 26-30 Abstract
TCFA Necrotic Core OCT/VH 2008 Sawada, T., Shite, J., Garcia-Garcia, H. M., Shinke, T., Watanabe, S., Otake, H., Matsumoto, D.,Yusuke, T., Yusuke, O., Daisuke, K., Hiroyuki, Hirokik, K., Hiroki, M., Naoki, M., Yokoyama, M., Serruys, P. W. and Hirata, K. "Feasibility of combined use of intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis and optical coherence tomography for detecting thin-cap fibroatheroma" European Heart Journal 7 April (2008) doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn132. PDF
Necrotic Core & Acute Coronary Syndrome 2008 Rdzanek, A., Kochman, J., Pietrasik, A., Wilczyńska, J., Rancic, M., Opolski, G. "The prevalence of potentially unstable coronary lesions in patients with coronary artery disease - virtual histology study" Kardiologia Polska 66 (2008):244-250. Abstract (free registration for full article)
Predictors of Slow Flow 2008 Bae, Jang-Ho, Kwon, Taek-Geun, Hyun, Dai-Woo, Rihal, Charanjit S. and Lerman, Amir. "Predictors of Slow Flow During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: an Intravascular Ultrasound-Virtual Histology Study." Heart. Published Online First: 1 April 2008. doi:10.1136/hrt.2007.135822 . Abstract
Heart Transplant 2008 König A., Kilian E., Sohn H.Y., Rieber J., Schiele T.M., Siebert U., Gothe R.M., Reichart B., Klauss V. "Assessment and characterization of time-related differences in plaque composition by intravascular ultrasound-derived radiofrequency analysis in heart transplant recipients." Journal of Heart Lung Transplant. 3:27(2008):302-9 Abstract
Vulnerable Plaque 2008 Wang, H., Kang, W., Song, D., Wang, X., Ren, G., Teng, J., and Ge, Z.."Relationship between tissue type plasminogen activator and coronary vulnerable plaque in patients with acute coronary syndrome: virtual histological study". Chinese Medical Journal 121(6) (2008):540-543. PDF
Thrombus 2008 Nasu, K., Tsuchikane, E. , Katoh, O., Vince, D.G., Margolis, P.M., Virmani, R., Surmely, J-F., Ehara, M., Kinoshita,, Y., Fujita, H., Kimura, M., Asakura, K., Asakura, Y., Matsubara, T., Terashima, M, Suzuki, T. "Impact of Intramural Thrombus on the Accuracy of Tissue Characterization by in vivo Intravascular Radiofrequency Data Analysis" American Journal of Cardiology (2008). Abstract
Plaque Characterization - Histological 2007 Kume, T.K., Okura, H., Kawamoto, T., Akasaka, T., Toyota, E., Neishi, Y., Watanabe, N., Sukmawan, R., Yamada, R., Sadahira, Y. and Yoshida, K. "Assessment of the Histological Characteristics of Coronary Arterial Plaque With Severe Calcification." Circulation Journal 71 (2007). Abstract
Necrotic Core & Acute Coronary Syndrome 2007 Hong, Myeong-Ki , Mintz, Gary S., Lee, Cheol Whan, Suh, Jon, Kim, Jeong-Hoon, Park, Duk-Woo, Lee, Seung-Whan Kim, Young-Hak, Cheong, Sang-Sig, Kim, Jae-Joong, Park, Seong-Wook, Park, Seung-Jung. "Comparison of Virtual Histology to Intravascular Ultrasound of Culprit Coronary Lesions in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Target Coronary Lesions in Stable Angina Pectoris". American Journal of Cardiology (2007). Abstract
Carotids 2007 Irshad, K., Miller, S., Velu, R., Reid, A., Diethrich, E., Reid, D.B.,"Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound in Carotid Interventions".Journal of Endovascular Therapy (2007):198-207. Abstract
Carotids 2007 Diethrich, E., Margolis, M.P., Reid, D., Burke, A., Ramaiah, V., Rodriguez, J., Wheatley, G., Olsen, D., Virmani, R., "Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound Assessment of Carotid Artery Disease: The Carotid Artery Plaque Virtual Histology Evaluation (CAPITAL) Study". Journal Endovascular Therapy 14 (2007): 676-686. Abstract
Co-registration (IVUS & Angio) 2007 Sievers, B., Böse, D., Sack, S. Philipp, S., Wieneke, H., Erbel, R."Online PC-based Integration of Digital Intracoronary Ultrasound Images into Angiographic Images During Cardiac Catheterization". International Journal of Cardiology (2007) In press. Abstract
Diabetes 2007 Nasu, K., Tsuchikane, Katoh, O. Suzuki T., et al. "Plaque Characterization by Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound Analysis in Type II Diabetic Patients". Heart (2007); published online July 23; doi:10.1136/hrt.2007.118950. Abstract
Distal embolization 2007 Kawaguchi, R., Oshima, S., Jingu, M., Tsurugaya, H.,Toyama, T., Hoshizaki, H., Taniguchi, K. "Usefulness of Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound to Predict Distal Embolization for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction". Journal of American College of Cardiology . 50.17 (2007):1641-6 Abstract
Intracranial Stent 2007 Takayam, T. et al. "Successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting for symptomatic intracranial vertebral artery stenosis using intravascular ultrasound virtual histology". Radiation Medicine 5 (2007):243-6. Abstract
Necrotic Core & Dense Calcium as Predictors of Acute Coronary Syndrome 2007 Missel, Mintz, G.S, Carlier ,S.G., Sano, Qian, Kapls, Castellanos, Dangas, Mehran, R., Moses, J., Stone, G.W., Leon, M. "Necrotic core and its Ratio to dense calcium are predictors of high-risk non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes". American Journal of Cardiology (2007). Abstract
Necrotic Core & Acute Coronary Syndrome 2007 García-García, H. M., Goedhart, D., Serruys, P. W. "Relation of Plaque Size to Nectrotic Core in the Three Major Coronary Arteries in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome as Determined by Intravascular Ultrasonic Imaging Radiofrequency." American Journal of Cardiology . 99 (2007): 790-792. Abstract
Plaque characteristics & Embolic particles 2007 Kawamoto, T.,Okura, H., Koyama, Y., Toda, I., Haruyuki, T.,Tamita,K., Yamamuno, A., Yoshimura, Y., Neishi, Y., Toyota, E., Yoshida, K. "The relationship between coronary plaque characteristics and small embolic particles during coronary stent implantation". Journal of American College of Cardiology 50. 17 (2007):1635-40. Abstract
Plaque characterization (animal model) 2007 Granada, J. F., Wallace-Bradley, D., Win, H.K., Alviar, C.L., Builes, A., Lev, E. I., Barrios, R., Schulz, D.G., Raizner, A.E., Kaluza, G.L. "In vivo Plaque Characterization Using Intravascular Ultrasound-Virtual Histology in a Porcine Model of Complex Coronary Lesions". Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 27 (2007): 387-393. PDF
Plaque Classification 2007 König, A., Oepke, M., Leipig, M., Klauss, V. "Coronary plaque classification using intravascular ultrasound". Clinical Research in Cardiology 96 (2007): 514-518. Purchase PDF
Plaque Composition 2007 Kawano, T., Honye, J., Takayama, T., Yokoyama, S., Chiku, M., Ando, H., Endo, M., Ichikawa, M., Ishii, N., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, S. S. "Compositional analysis of angioscopic yellow plaques with intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data". International Journal of Cardiology (2007). Abstract
Plaque Composition : Remodeling 2007 Higashikuni, Y., Tanabe, K., Yamamoto, H., Aoki, J., Nakazawa, G., Onuma, Y., Otsuki, S., Yagishita, A., Yachi, S.,Nakajima, H., Hara, K. "Relationship Between Coronary Artery Remodeling and Plaque Composition in Culprit Lesions." Circulation Journal 71 (2007): 654-660. PDF
Plaque Composition: LM 2007 Valgimigli, M., Rodriguez-Granillo, G.A., Garcia-Garcia, H.M., Vaina, S., De Jaegere, P., De Feyter, P., Serruys , P.W. "Plaque Composition in the Left Main Stem Mimics the Distal But Not the Proximal Tract of the Left Coronary Artery". Journal of American College of Cardiology 49.1 (2007): 23-31. PDF
Reproducibility 2007 Prasad, A., Cipher DJ, Mohandas, A., Roesle, M., Brilakis, E.S., Banarjee, S. "Reproducibility of Intravascular Ultrasound Virtuual Histology Analysis." Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine (2007) in press. Abstract
Vulnerable Plaque & CTA 2007 Ogasaware, Komatsu, Ropers et al. "Detecting vulnerable plaque of arteriosclerosis obliterans by multidetector-row computed tomography - Comparing with VH (virtual histology)-intravascular ultrasound" International Journal of Cardiology (2007) (in press published on line May 17). Listing
Plaque Composition, non-culprit lesion 2006 Rodriguez-Granillo, G., McFadden, E., Valgimigli, M., van Mieghem, C., Regar, E., de Feyter P. J., Serruys, P. "Coronary Plaque Compisiton of Non-Culprit Lesions Assessed by In vivo Intracoronary Ultrasound Radio Frequency Data Analysis, is related to Clinical presentation". American Heart Journal 151 (2006): 1020-1024. Abstract
Accuracy 2006 Nasu, K., Tsuchikane, E., Katoh, O., Vince, G., Virmani. R., Surmely, J.-F., Murata, A., Takeda, Y., Ito, T., Ehara, M., Matsubara, T., Terashima, M., Suzuki, T. "Accuracy of in vivo Coronary Plaque Morphology Assessment: A validation Study of in Vivo Virtual Histology Compared with in Vitro Histopathology". Journal of American College of Cardiology 47 (2006):2405-12. PDF
Compositional & Mechanical Imaging 2006 Rodriguez-Granillo, G. A., Garcia-Garcia, H., Valgimigli, M., Schaar, J., Pawar, R., v.d. Giessen, W., Regar, E., van der Steen, A., de Feyter, P., Serruys, P.W. "In vivo relationship between compositional and mechanical imaging of coronary arteries. Insights from IVUS RF data analysis". American Heart Journal 151. (2006):1025.e1-1025.e6. Abstract
Intermediate Lesion 2006 Rogers, Jason H., Wegelin, Jacob, Harder, Kori, Valente, Richard, Low, Reginald. "Assessment of FFR-Negative Intermediate Coronary Artery Stenoses by Spectral Analysis of the Radiofrequency Intravascular Ultrasound Signal". Journal of Invasive Cardiology 18 (2006): 448-453. Article w/ Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome 2006 Leach, C., Bach, R. "Atherosclerotic Coronary Plaque in a Patient With the Metabolic Syndrome: Assessment by Lesion Physiology and Intravascular Ultrasound Virtual Histology". Journal of CardioMetabolic Syndrome 1.3 (2006):225-7. Abstract
Peripherals 2006 Diethrich, E. B., Irshad, K., Reid D. B. "Virtual Histology and Color Flow Intravascular Ultrasound in Peripheral Interventions." Seminars in Vascular Surgery 19 (2006):155-162. Abstract
Plaque composition & C-Reactive Protein 2006 Sawada, T., Shite, J., Shinke, T., Watanabe, S., Otake, H. Matsumato, D., Tanino, Y., Ogasawara, D., Paredes, O. L., Yokoyama, M. "Relationship between high sensitive C-reactive protein and coronary plaque component in patients with acute coronary syndrome: Virtual Histology study". Journal of Cardiology 48.3 (2006):141-50. Abstract
Plaque Composition: Ostium 2006 Valgimigli, M., Rodriguez-Granillo, G. A., Garcia-Garcia, H. M., Malagutti, P., Regar, E., De Jaegere, P. De Feyter, P, Serruys, P.W. "Distance from the ostium as an independent determinant of coronary plaque composition in vivo: an intravascular ultrasound study based radiofrequency data analysis in humans". European Heart Journal doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi716, (2006). PDF
Plaque Composition: Remodeling 2006 Garcia-Garcia, H. M., Goedhart, D., Schuurbiers, J., Kukreja, N., Tanimoto, S. Daemen, J., Morel, MA, Bressers, M., van Es, G., Wentzel, J., Gijsen, F., Van der Steen, A., Serruys, P.W. "Virtual Histology and Remodeling index allow in vivo identification of allegedly high risk coronary plaques in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a three vessel intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis".EuroIntervention 2 (2006): 338-344 Abstract w/ PDF
Plaque Composition: Shear Stress 2006 Rodriguez-Granillo, G. A., Garcia-Garcia, H., Wentzel, J., Valgimigli, M., Tsuchida, K., van der Giessen, W., de Jaegere, P., Regar, E., de Feyter, P., Serruys, P.W "Plaque Composition and its Relationship with Acknowledged Shear Stress Patterns in Coronary Arteries". Journal of American College of Cardiology 47.4 (2006). PDF
Plaque imaging 2006 Carlier, S.G., Mintz, G.S., Stone, G.W. "Imaging of atherosclerotic plaque using radiofrequency ultrasound signal processing". Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 13 (2006):831-40. Listing
Plaque Rupture 2006 Rodriguez-Granillo, G. A., Garcia-Garcia, H. M., Valgimigli, M., Vaina, S., van Mieghem, C., van Geuns, R..J., van der Ent, M., Regar, E., d. Jaegere, P., van der Giessen, W., de Feyter, P., Serruys, P.W. "Global characterization of coronary plaque rupture phenotype using three-vessel intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis." European Heart Journal (2006): 1921-1927. PDF
Reproducibility 2006 Rodriguez-Granillo, G. A., Vaina, S., Garcia-Garcia, H., Valgimigli, M., Duckers, E., van Geuns, R.J., Regar, E., van der Giessen, W., Bressers, M., Goedhart, D., Morel, M. A., de Feyter, P. J., Serruys, P.W. "Reproducibility of Intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis: implications for the design of longitudinal studies". The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging DOI 10.1007/s10554-006-9080-0 (2006). Abstract
Culprit Lesions 2006 Surmely, J.F., Nasu, K., Fujita, H., Terashima, M., Matsubara,T., Tsuchikane, E., Ehara, M., Kinoshita, Y., Takeda, Y., Tanaka, N., Katoh,O., Suzuki, T. "Coronary plaque composition of culprit/target lesions according to th clinical presentation: a virtual histology intravascular ultrasound analysis." European Heart Journal (2006), 27: 2939-2944. PDF
Biomarkers correlated with VH-IBIS 2005 Rodriguez-Granillo, G. A., Aoki, J., Ong, A.T.L., Valgimigli, M., van Mieghem, C. A. G., Regar, E., McFadden, E., de Feyter, P., Serruys, P. W. "Methodological considerations and approach to cross-technique comparison using in vivo coronary plaque characterization based on intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis: insights from the Integrated Biomarkers and Imaging Study (IBIS)".International Journal of Cardiovascular Interventions. 7 (2005):52-58. Abstract
Biomarkers correlated with VH-IBIS 2005 Rodriguez-Granillo, G. A., Serruys, P.W., McFadden, E., van Mieghem, C., Goedhart, D., Bruining, N., van der Steen, A., van der Giessen, W., de Jaegere, P., Vince, G., Sianos, G., Kaplow, J., Zalewski, A., de Feyter, P. "First-in-man prospective evalutaion of temporal changes in coronary plaque composition by in vivo intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis: An Integrated Biomarker and Imaging Study (IBIS) sub study." EuroIntervention Journal 1 (2005) 282-288. Abstract w/ PDF
Biomarkers correlated with VH-IBIS 2005 Van Mieghem, C., Bruining, N., Schaar, J.A., McFadden, E., Mollet, N., Cadematiri, F., Mastik, F., Ligthart, J.M.R ,Rodriguez-Granillo, G.A., Vaglimigli, M., Sianos, G., Van der Giessen, W.J., Backx, B., Morel, M.A.M. ,Van Es, G.A., Sawyer, J.D., Kaplow, J., Zalewski, A., Van der Steen, A.F.W., de Feyter, P., Serruys, P.W. "Rationale and Methods of the Integrated Biomarker and Imagind Study (IBIS): Combining INvasive and Non-Invasive Imaging with Biomarkers to Detect Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Asses Coronary Lesion Biology." The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging 21 (2005); 425-441. Abstract
VH Validation 2005 Rodriguez-Granillo, G. A., Bruining, N., McFadden, E., Ligthart, J., Aoki, J. Regar, E., de Feyter, P., Serruys, P. W. "Geometric validation of intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis (Virtual Histology) acquired With a 30MHz boston scientific corporation imaging catheter" Cardiovascular Intervention 66 (2005) 514-518. Abstract
Plaque Composition : Remodeling 2005 Rodriguez-Granillo, G. A., Serruys, P.W., Garcia-Garcia, H., Aoki, J., Valgimigli, M., van Mieghem, C., McFadden, E. de Jaegere, P., de Feyter, P. "Coronary artery remodelling is related to plaque composition". Heart Online First as 10.1136/hrt.2004.057810 (June 17, 2005). Abstract
Plaque Composition : Remodeling 2005 Fujii, K., Carlier, S., Mintz, G., Wijns, W., Colombo, A., Böse, D., Erbel, R., de Ribamar Costa, J., Kimura, M., Sano, K. Costa, R.A., Lui, J., Stone, G., Moses, J., Leon, M.B. Association of Plaque Characterization by IVUS VH and Arterial Remodeling American Journal of Cardiology. 95 (2005):1476-1483. Abstract
TCFA 2005 Rodriguez-Granillo, G. A., Garcia-Garcia, H., McFadden, E., Valgimigli, M., Aoki, J., de Feyter, P., Serruys, P.W. "In vivo Intravascular Ultrasound-Derived Thin-Cap Fibroatheroma Detection Using Radiofrequency Data Analysis". Journal of American College of Cardiology 46.11 (2005): 2038-2042. PDF
VH Value vs. Angio Necrotic Core 2005 Rodriguez-Granillo, G. A., de Valle, R., Ligthart, J., Serruys, P.W. "Detection of a necrotic core-rich, highly deformable plaque in an angiographically non-diseased proximal LAD". Image in Cardiology". Image in Cardiology EuroIntervention Journal. (2005): 1:367. Article w/ PDF

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